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Foreword to Bhopal City Guide

The city of Bhopal, standing midway between the two world heritage sites of Sanchi and Binbaithika, is increasingly becoming a popular tourist destination. Bhopal itself has a rich built and unbuilt heritage, which will be now easily accessible to the visitors and also to the residents of Bhopal, thanks to this Bhopal City Guide, the first one for the city. I would like to thank and congratulate the authors and everybody involved in the production of this guide. This will surely help to make the visit to this beautiful city a memorable experience.

The earliest reference to the city dates to 640 A.D. as Beopal, a separate state in Ashoka's empire. From 1010-53 it was known as Bhojpal/Bhojtaul, a city founded by Raja Bhoj with the construction of dams to create the two biggest" lakes. In 1708, Dost Mohammed Khan, an Orkazai- Afghan noble, conquered Jagdishpur, 11 km north of Bhojpal and renamed it as Islamnagar. In 1715 he shifted his capital to Bhopal and called it Shahr-e-khas Bhopal. He built the Fatehgarh fort and connected it to the old fort of Bhoj by a wall resulting in the walled city with its beautiful gateways. In 1794, Wazir Chhote Khan built the dam creating another lake that facilitated the urban expansion to the south east of the historic core. From 1819, the process of reconstruction and urban expansion began under the Regent Qudsia Begum. The rule of Sikander Begum (1844-1868) saw the building of the political center at the Khirni wala Maidan, gardens, waterworks system, waterfront development, masjids and schools. Shahjehan Begum (1868-1901) created a new outstanding royal nucleus; the Shahjahanabad neighborhood with the magnificient Taj Mahal, Benazeer Palace, Tajul Masajid around the 3 cascading waterbodies. She was also responsible for the Pad Bazaar (special shopping places for women only) and the arrival of the Indian Midland Railways to Bhopal. The first Roman Catholic Church of Bhopal was also built during her reign. Sultan Jehan Begum (1901-1926) was responsible for the building of the Ahmedabad palace at Idgah hills and the Alexandria School for the nobility. Nawab Hamidullah Khan (1926-1949) was given more to cultural and sports activities. In 1949, the Princely State of Bhopal was merged in the Indian Union.

The Princely State of Bhopal lasted 230 years. It was known as the First Class State in British India, its ruler having full powers in all administrative matters, judicial and general, including the power to confirm sentences of death. The State bore impressions of Gond, Afghan-Pathan, Arabic, French, British cultures with Indian vernacular connotations.

The historic core, the Chawk, and its surrounds, hold into its folds rich, living tangible and intangible heritage, a conglomeration of cultures, merging together and standing as one, through the dimension of time, getting modified, throbbing with life, the heart of the city. They testify about the architectural quality, beauty and splendor of the life in historic Bhopal.

The lakes, the hills, to which the city relates to, are outstanding significant parts of the traditional form of the city, a natural landscape that gives the city its heritage identity.

Having grown from a population of 85,000 persons in 1956 to 25,00,000 persons at present, the planned city of New Bhopal has developed into a city of institutions, art and culture, along with being the administrative Capital of the state of, Madhya Pradesh. The modern Bhopal holds architecture of many contemporary styles, along with some signature buildings by the Indian Maestros.

The presence of the many hills and lakes tends to divide the city in various pockets. This Bhopal city guide will surely make the city more coherent, and readable with its detailed maps.

Savita Raje
President
Living Heritage Alliance